Johann Sebastian Bach was a German composer and musician of the late Baroque period, born on March 31, 1685 (O.S. March 21), in Eisenach, Thuringia, Ernestine Saxon Duchies (now Germany). He passed away on July 28, 1750, in Leipzig.
Bach is now generally regarded as one of the greatest and most prolific composers of all time and is celebrated as the creator of the Brandenburg Concertos, The Well-Tempered Clavier, the Mass in B Minor, the St John and St Matthew Passions, the Christmas Oratorio and more than 300 cantatas (although only around 200 are extant. He numerous other masterpieces of church and instrumental music.
Bach’s abilities as an organist were highly respected throughout his lifetime, although he was not widely recognized as a great composer until after his death. Today, he is considered to be the master of fugue, the inventor of the solo keyboard concerto, and the greatest composer of the Baroque era.
His compositions include a wide variety of music such as orchestral music (e.g., the Brandenburg Concertos), solo instrumental works (e.g., the Cello Suites and Sonatas and Partitas for Solo Violin), keyboard works (e.g., the Goldberg Variations and The Well-Tempered Clavier), organ works (e.g., the Schübler Chorales and the Toccata and Fugue in D Minor), and choral works (e.g., the St. Matthew Passion and the Mass in B Minor).
Bach came from a highly musical family and was the last child of a city musician, Johann Ambrosius. After being orphaned at the age of 10, he lived with his eldest brother, Johann Christoph, and continued his musical education in Lüneburg. His career included working as a musician for Protestant churches in Arnstadt and Mühlhausen and at courts in Weimar and Köthen before becoming Thomaskantor (cantor at St. Thomas’s) in Leipzig.
In Leipzig, he composed music for the principal Lutheran churches of the city and for its university’s student ensemble Collegium Musicum. Despite difficult relations with his employer, Bach’s music flourished, and he enriched established German styles through his mastery of counterpoint, harmonic, and motivic organization, and his adaptation of rhythms, forms, and textures from abroad, particularly from Italy and France.
Bach’s legacy is immense, having enriched the German musical tradition and set a precedent in composition that would influence subsequent generations of composers.
The Trio Sonata in B-flat major is a scholarly reconstruction by Klaus Hofmann of a presumably lost original ensemble work by Johann Sebastian Bach. It is believed that Bach adapted…
The Trio Sonata in B-flat major is a scholarly reconstruction by Klaus Hofmann of a presumably lost original ensemble work by Johann Sebastian Bach. It is believed that Bach adapted this lost original into two surviving works: the Organ Trio Sonata No. 1 in E-flat major (BWV 525) and the slow middle movement of the Flute Sonata in A major (BWV 1032).
It is now regarded as a proven fact that J. S. Bach derived two works from a trio sonata which was most likely in the key of B flat major: the well-known organ Trio Sonata No. 1 in E flat major BWV 525 and the slow middle move-ment of the incomplete Flute Sonata in A major BWV 1032. In his reconstruction, Klaus Hofmann comes as close as possible to the presumably lost original version. While the melody instruments – the range suggests an alto recorder and oboe – were adapted practically without change, the bass part underwent considerable alterations. An organ pedal part simply is not a continuo line. However, Hofmann found a stylistically and idiomatically compelling solution to this dilemma.
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