Gustav Theodore Holst, originally named Gustavus Theodore von Holst, was an English composer, arranger, and teacher born on September 21, 1874, in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England. He passed away on May 25, 1934, in London1. Holst is best known for his orchestral suite The Planets, but he composed many other works across a range of genres, although none achieved comparable success1.

Holst came from a family with three generations of professional musicians, and it was evident from his early years that he would follow in their footsteps. He initially hoped to become a pianist, but was prevented by neuritis in his right arm. Despite this setback and his father’s reservations, he pursued a career as a composer, studying at the Royal College of Music under Charles Villiers Stanford1.

Unable to support himself solely through his compositions, Holst played the trombone professionally and later became a teacher—a role in which he excelled, according to his colleague Ralph Vaughan Williams. He built up a strong tradition of performance at Morley College, where he served as musical director from 1907 until 1924, and he pioneered music education for women at St Paul’s Girls’ School, where he taught from 1905 until his death in 19341.

Holst’s music was frequently played in the early 20th century, but it was not until the international success of The Planets in the years immediately after the First World War that he became a well-known figure. A shy man, Holst did not enjoy fame and preferred to be left in peace to compose and teach1.

In his later years, his personal style of composition was considered too austere by many, leading to a decline in his popularity. However, he was an important influence on a number of younger English composers, including Edmund Rubbra, Michael Tippett, and Benjamin Britten. After a period of neglect, Holst’s music saw a resurgence in the 1980s when recordings of much of his output became available1.